Title of the Lab: FACTORS THAT AFFECT RATE OF REACTIONS
The guiding question: Which amount of mentos will cause the largest reaction.
Hypothesis: We think the largest amount will have the biggest reaction.
What will our variables be?
-CONTROL (What will stay the same?): The bottle
-MANIPULATED (What will change?): The amount of liquid left in the bottle and the amount of the mentos.
-RESPONDING (What response are you looking for?): How the amount of mentos added changed the reaction.
LIST OF MATERIALS:
-Mint Mentos
-Coke Cola
- Graduated cylinder
-stop watch
-goggles
What Data will you be collecting? How will the amount of mentos added to the Coke Cola change the reaction.

1. Measure out 100 mL of coke into a graduated cylinder
2.  Place one mentos into the graduated cylinder
3. Measure the time the reaction lasts
4. Measure the amount of liquid left in the graduated cylinder
5. Repeat 1-4 adding one more mentos each time.  

Data Analysis:

Number of Mentos	Amount of coke at the beginning	Amount of coke at the end	Amount of time it takes for the reaction to stop
1 Mentos	100 mL	99 mL	30. 78
2 Mentos	100 mL	98 mL	30. 28
3 Mentos	100 mL	89 mL	27. 37
4 Mentos	100 mL	77 mL	21. 44
5 Mentos	100 mL	73 mL	19.29

Data Analysis:
Looking back on our predictions, we thought that the most amount of mentos would make the largest reaction. After we put in 5 mentos the coke fizzed and flooded over the bottle lasting 19.29 seconds. It then slowly fizzled back down leaving 73 mL of liquid left in the graduated cylinder. The graduated cylinder with five mentos produced the shortest and most powerful reaction and left the least amount of coke in the bottle. Looking at the addition of each mentos the data shows that adding an additional mentos each time increases the reaction although it reduced the reaction time and the amount of coke left at the end of the reaction.



Conclusion: After completing the lab we found out that our conclusions were right. The largest amount of mentos had the biggest reaction. Seeing as when more mentos were added the reaction was greater since it had more force, thus more bubbles.

Further Analysis:  If I were to do this experiment again I would use different mentos flavors and diet coke to have more accurate answers with more verity. I would have tried crushing the mentos to have a faster reaction when they hit the bottom of the bottle. I would have made each mentos drop more precise as in all together instead of one bye one.

Further Analysis:  If I were to do this experiment again I would use different mentos flavors and diet coke to have more accurate answers with more verity. I would have tried crushing the mentos to have a faster reaction when they hit the bottom of the bottle. I would have made each mentos drop more precise as in all together instead of one bye one.

        When scientist test a new radiation medicine on mice they are amazed to find that it worked. They put the mice to a heavy dose of radiation. After 24 hours they injected them with the antibiotic made naturally from the immune system.  After 30 days the mice who were not injected died and 80% of the  mice that were stayed healthy, and alive. Follow-ups have to made before humans can be treated, but versions of antibiotic and the protein have already been used on humans and looks promising. 
          When the body is exposed to intensive levels of radiation, the bone marrow is one of the first things to shut down.  It is where the while blood cells arise, so the body cant fight off infection any
more. Radiation can cause bactria that are usually confined to the gut to leak, in to the blood causing blood pressure to spike, fever, abnormal blood clotting and even organ failure.

Science current event

A mummy from Roman times has been found about 200 miles from Cairo at Bahariya Oasis.  The female body was 3 feet tall and the mummy cover was decorated with pictures dress Roman style dress and jewelry.  The mummy was one of 14 tombs and there were also vessels, coins and masks found.  This site has been the location of a dig since 1996. The head of the dig said that the tomb and a special design with stairways and corridors.

Science current event

The world’s Lightest Material is a metal that is 100 times lighter than Styrofoam.  The new material was created by Cal Tech researchers and is so light because of a “micro lattice structure”.  They made the material with 99.99 percent air and 0.01 solid at nanometer scales.  The lattice is 1,000 times thinner than human hair said the lead researcher.

The material is a metal and very strong.  Researchers think that the new material can be used for batteries or for shock absorption.  This super lightweight technology is because of nanotechnology.  Because it is both light and strong it could be used for large modern building to.

Evidence of a Chemical Reaction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVK9Om4wzBM
When 91% alcohol is mixed with a bromine pool tablet. It is first shaken a little bit. After red liquid starts to appear from the bottom and starts to boil to a red liquid. After it dies back down to a yellow liquid and the bromine plate used up.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ypUVpwgcAA&feature=related
A piece of lithium was put into water. Aflame erupted and stopped. Smoke was released.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=896vJj6eWYw&feature=related
Cesium is added to water. Which produces a orange "firework".
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRmNPKVEGeQ&NR=1
 Potassium is added to water which creates a pink is flame that last a few seconds. It then burns out. 
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJslbQiYrYY&NR=1
Sodium and potassium are added to water which create a huge explosion. That happens over and over again until its stops.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Pk6s1MbszA&feature=related
In this reaction a gummy bear is added to sodium chloride which produces a small flame, type thing at the bottom of the test tube  while the gummy bear is glowing red, it quickly expanded to the whole tube.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrNA8-eipGE&feature=related
This experiment was my favorite. When food coloring, salt crystals, and the mineral turpentine wee added to water it created a blue glow just like a light bulb.

Lab

Title of the Lab: Where’s the Evidence

Investigation Question: What are some signs a chemical (change) or reaction has occurred?

Hypothesis: I think that the chemicals will either react by changing color, bubbling or exploding.

Materials:

-          Na2 CO3 – Sodium Carbonate

-          Ca Cl2 – Calcium Chloride

-          HCI – Hydrochloric Acid

-          Cu SO4 – Copper Sulfate (Acid)

-          Aluminum Foil

-          Zinc Piece

-          Baking Soda

-          Vinegar ( Acetic Acid)

-          Magnesium tablets

-          Spatula

-          Graduated Cylinder

-          Stirrer

-          Candle

-          Goggles

         - Beakers/ Baby Food Jars

Reactions	Observations Before Reaction	Predictions	Observations During Reactions	Observations After Reaction
Baking Soda (soda bicar bonate) + vinegar	-          White powder -          Clear liquid	-          Will fizzle	The more baking soda added the more it bubbled	Slowly dies down to a bubbly liquid
Sugar + Heat
Copper Sulfate + Sodium Carbonate Solution	-          Blue liquid -          Clear liquid	-          Will change color	Smokey aqua blue liquid	The blue separates to form a clear liquid underneath
Zinc Piece + HCI	-Silver, grey medalish -          Clear liquid	-          Will bubble -          Change color	Color is burning off, making milky white liquid	Changed color to black, with pieces of zinc burning off
Calcium Chloride + Sodium Carbonate	-          2 clear liquids	-          Will bubble	Turns a milky white	Milky white liquid settles to the bottom
Copper Sulfate + aluminum foil piece	-          Shiny foil -          Blue liquid	-          Will burn or change color	Stayed afloat	Turns a copper- red and liquid turns clear

Conclusion:  My hypothesis was correct. Every experiment bubbled, changed color, or burned/ exploded. If a substance would keep bubbling or keep burning it would mean it is trying to change. For example, when copper sulfate has an aluminum piece in it I can change color for days. When a reaction came to a change it would mean that all its energy was gone and it could no longer react.

Further Inquiry: I think that this would be better if we measured out everything we added to make a clearer result. 

Fruit Fly Intestine May Hold Secret to Fountain of Youth: Long-Lived Fruit Flies Offer Clues to Slowing Human Aging and Fighting Disease

Scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and their collaborators found that tweaking a gene known as PGC-1, which is also found in human DNA, in the intestinal stem cells of fruit flies delayed the aging of their intestine and extended their lifespan by as much as 50 percent.
 "There is a tremendous amount of similarity between a human small intestine and the fruit fly intestine."
The findings of the study, which was a collaboration between researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of California, Los Angeles, were published online in Cell Metabolism.
Scientists have long known that calorie restriction, the practice of limiting daily food intake, can extend the healthy lifespan of a range of animals. In some studies, animals on restricted diets lived more than twice as long on average as those on non-restricted diets.

Teens and the Bottle

Teenage romance, Pals of a boyfriend or girlfriend strongly influence an adolescent’s alcohol use, for better or worse, a new study finds.
A romantic partner’s friends tend to have different habits and pursuits than a love-struck teen and his or her own social circle, say sociologists Derek Kreager of Pennsylvania State University in University Park and Dana Haynie of Ohio State University. Teens want to be like a boyfriend’s or girlfriend’s friends to strengthen the relationship, so this new set of buddies shapes alcohol use more than do preexisting friends or even a romantic partner, Kreager and Haynie report in the October American Sociological Review.

Miracle fruit

Scientists have finally explained how a little red berry makes just about anything, from the sourest lemon to the bitterest beer, taste as sweet as honey. A protein found in the fruit tickles the tongue’s sweet-sensing machinery, its effects intensifying in the presence of acidic flavors like citrus and carbonated drinks.
Researchers and foodies alike have long known the effects of the miracle fruit . At flavor-tripping parties, guests will pop a berry then chew, chew and chew some more, letting the masticated fruit linger on the tongue. Then the sampling begins: Guinness tastes like a chocolate shake, Tabasco loses its sting and pickles their mouth-pinching tang. Lemons and limes gush with sweetness.

Catching a natural killer in the act

Small pictures of disease fighting cells may be help treat immune deficiency disorders. Jordan Orange of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and colleagues used a superpowerful new microscope to watch how immune cells called natural killer cells feed a poison pill called a lytic granule to tumors or virus-infected cells. Scientists used to think a big hole in the middle of a dense mesh of spaghetti-like molecules called F-actin let granules stream out of the natural killer cell. A new study, shows that the meshwork parts just enough to let single lytic granules pass, with F-actin helping squeeze the granule through. People with immune deficiency disorders may have defects that prevent lytic granules from exiting the natural killer cell.

Non metals

The non-metals or non-metallic elements; hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulphur (sulfer) (S), selenium (Se), (Uuo may belong here) and the noble gases form a relatively small group with a step like pattern towards the left-hand side of the periodic table (hydrogen being the odd one out on the right of the table). Non-metals are not strictly defined, but tend to show characteristic properties like poor heat and electrical conductivity, form acidic oxides, dull low lustre and brittle, low densities, low melting points and high electro negativity.
Hydrogen can become metallic when exposed to extremely high pressures. Some allotropes of elements show more pronounced metal, metalloid or non-metal behaviour than others. The element carbon; its diamond allotrope is non-metallic, however the graphite allotrope is electrically conductive showing characteristic more like a metalloid. Phosphorus, and selenium also have allotropes which display borderline behaviour.
Point at or click an element for more information:

Group*** Period

1 IA 1A

2 IIA 2A

3 IIIB 3B

4 IVB 4B

5 VB 5B

6 VIB 6B

7 VIIB 7B

8 VIII 8

9 VIII 8

10 VIII 8

11 IB 1B

12 IIB 2B

13 IIIA 3A

14 IVA 4A

15 VA 5A

16 VIA 6A

17 VIIA 7A

18 VIIIA 8A

1

1 H 1.008

2 He4.003

2

3 Li6.941

4 Be 9.012

5 B10.81

6 C12.01

7 N 14.01

8 O16.00

9 F19.00

10 Ne20.18

3

11 Na 22.99

12 Mg 24.31

13 Al26.98

14 Si28.09

15 P 30.97

16 S32.07

17 Cl35.45

18 Ar39.95

4

19 K 39.10

20 Ca40.08

21 Sc44.96

22 Ti47.88

23 V50.94

24 Cr52.00

25 Mn54.94

26 Fe55.85

27 Co58.47

28 Ni58.69

29 Cu63.55

30 Zn65.39

31 Ga69.72

32 Ge72.59

33 As 74.92

34 Se78.96

35 Br79.90

36 Kr83.80

5

37 Rb85.47

38 Sr87.62

39 Y 88.91

40 Zr91.22

41 Nb92.91

42 Mo95.94

43 Tc(98)

44 Ru101.1

45 Rh102.9

46 Pd106.4

47 Ag107.9

48 Cd112.4

49 In114.8

50 Sn118.7

51 Sb 121.8

52 Te127.6

53 I126.9

54 Xe131.3

6

55 Cs132.9

56 Ba137.3

*

72 Hf178.5

73 Ta180.9

74 W183.9

75 Re186.2

76 Os190.2

77 Ir190.2

78 Pt195.1

79 Au197.0

80 Hg200.5

81 Tl204.4

82 Pb207.2

83 Bi209.0

84 Po(209)

85 At(210)

86 Rn(222)

7

87 Fr(223)

88 Ra(226)

**

104 Rf(261)

105 Db(262)

106 Sg(266)

107 Bh(264)

108 Hs(269)

109 Mt(268)

110 Ds(281)

111 Rg(272)

112 Uub(285)

113 Uut(284)

114 Uuq (289)

115 Uup(288)

116 Uuh(292)

117 Uus()

118 Uuo(294)

Lanthanide Series* (Lanthanoid)

57 La138.9

58 Ce140.1

59 Pr 140.9

60 Nd144.2

61 Pm(145)

62 Sm150.4

63 Eu152.0

64 Gd157.3

65 Tb158.9

66 Dy162.5

67 Ho164.9

68 Er167.3

69 Tm168.9

70 Yb173.0

71 Lu175.0

Actinide Series** (Actinoids)

89 Ac(227)

90 Th232.0

91 Pa(231)

92 U(238)

93 Np(237)

94 Pu(244)

95 Am(243)

96 Cm(247)

97 Bk(247)

98 Cf(251)

99 Es(252)

100 Fm(257)

101 Md(258)

102 No(259)

103 Lr(262)

***Groups are by 3 notation conventions.